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The Sonoma Barracks (''El Cuartel de Sonoma'') is a two-story, wide-balconied, adobe building facing the central plaza of the City of Sonoma, California.〔S/PSHPA〕 It was built by order of Lieutenant (''Teniente'') Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo to house the Mexican soldiers that had been transferred from the Presidio of San Francisco in 1835. The Presidio Company and their commander, Lieutenant Vallejo, were also responsible for controlling the Native Americans living on the northern border of Mexican California. On June 14, 1846 the Pueblo of Sonoma was taken over by a group of American immigrants seeking to establish their own California Republic. The Barracks became the headquarters this short-lived insurrection later known as the Bear Flag Revolt. Believing that war with Mexico had been declared, ships of the U.S. Pacific Squadron took over Monterey on July 7 and Yerba Buena (now San Francisco) on July 9, 1846. The U. S. flag was raised at the Barracks that same day - ending the California Republic and the Bear Flag Revolt. After that, the Barracks was used by a succession U.S. forces until 1852.〔S/PSHPA〕 Throughout the Mexican–American War and the subsequent California Gold Rush these forces continued to confront Native Americans hostile to invaders occupying their lands.〔SSHP p.82〕 When the military left, the building was used for a number of civilian purposes until being acquired by the State of California in 1957.〔SSHP p.83〕 The Sonoma Barracks is now part of Sonoma State Historic Park. ==Mexican Military== Soldiers of the Company of the National Presidio at San Francisco (''Compania de Presidio Nacional de San Francisco'') moved to the site of the recently secularized Mission San Francisco Solano in 1835. California Governor Jose Figueroa had ordered the Company north from the Presidio of San Francisco as part of his plan to comply with instructions from the national government to establish a strong garrison in the region north of the San Francisco Bay to protect the area from encroachments of foreigners.〔Bancroft 3:246〕 An immediate concern was further eastward movement of the Russian America Company from their settlements on the California coast.〔Smilie p.54〕 Construction of the Barracks was episodic: digging the foundation began in 1837, construction of the adobe walls in 1839 and the building was more or less completed in 1840 to '41.〔SSHP p.15〕 Until the building was habitable the troops were housed in the buildings of the old Mission.〔Stammerjohan p.25〕 While the barracks was built to house troops, most of the space was used as a headquarters and for supply, equipment and weapons storage.〔 The Company's commander Lieutenant (''Teniente'') Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo was named Military Commander of the Northern Frontier so the Company was also responsible for maintaining control over the Native population north of the Bay. Vallejo's approach to controlling the border region combined direct military action, treaties area with native groups, and forming alliances with Indian leaders on the west (Chief Marin) and east (Chief Solano - who provided auxiliary men when the Company way fighting other Native groups). During the years that Company was based in Sonoma they rode out over 100 times to maintain control over the area's Indian groups.〔 Bancroft opines that “…Vallejo’s Indian policy must be regarded as excellent and effective when compared to any other policy ever followed in California.”〔Bancroft 4:70〕 The Company did receive support in money and materiel from the Mexican and California governments but Vallejo absorbed the deficits out of his own funds. All the other presidial companies in Alta California had been replaced by civilian militias by the time the San Francisco Company moved to Sonoma.〔Bancroft 3:583,591-92〕 Lieutenant Colonel Vallejo disbanded the Presidial Company on November 28, 1844 with the plea that he could not longer afford paying for them. Among his other reasons may have been avoiding being drawn into a rebellion against Governor Micheltorena by his nephew Juan Alvarado and childhood friend José Castro.〔Bancroft 4:465〕〔Stammerjohan p.41〕 After releasing the soldiers, Vallejo retained the weapons and military supplies stored in the Barracks for the use of the civilian militia. (Nine old cannon of various sizes, two hundred long infantry muskets, fifty carbines, cannon and musket balls and a small amount of black powder.)〔 The Sonoma Barracks was also, for a short period, the home and headquarters of the ''Compania de Infanteria Permanente de Sonoma'', a regular Mexican Infantry Company composed of young, not-so-willing Californio draftees.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sonoma Barracks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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